WHEN buying and selling real estate, there is always that inevitable question: how do you hold title? Remember that your choice can have dramatic impact on estate taxes, liability protection, heirs, family situations and other factors. Let’s explore choices to help you determine which title is best for your next property.
Joint tenancy
-Any number of persons (not just husband & wife) can use joint tenancy.
-Ownership must be equal.
-There is only one title to the whole property.
-Each one has equal right of possession.
-Ownership by joint tenancy must be expressly stated (it cannot be presumed).
-Purchaser of a share becomes a tenant in common (see last choice below).
-A joint tenant’s death passes his/her share to the survivors automatically.
-Surviving spouse can pass title by simply recording an Affidavit of Death of Joint Tenant.
-A deceased joint tenant’s share cannot be deposed by will.
-Last survivor owns the property.
-Important: only the deceased spouse’s ½ gets a step-up basis (more taxes).
Community property
-Only husband and wife can own realty as community property.
-Both have equal ownership, management, and control.
-There is a strong presumption that any acquisition after marriage is community property.
-Any conveyance requires the written consent of the other spouse.
-Any buyer must acquire the whole property, not part of it.
-Title to property is in the community and cannot be sold separately.
-Each interest is separate but cannot be conveyed (except upon death).
-On death, ½ belongs to survivor, ½ to deceased spouse’s estate or heirs.
-Changing title requires filing a “spousal property petition” in probate court.
-Important: both halves get a “step-up” basis to the fair market on death of either spouse (less taxes).
-Community property states include Arizona, California, Idaho, Louisiana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.
Community property with right of survivorship
-This is the newest form of ownership in the State of California.
-It combines the advantages of community property (100 percent step up basis) and joint tenancy (automatic passing of title to surviving spouse).
-Only husband and wife can have community property with right of survivorship.
Tenancy in common
-Any number of persons (not just husband & wife) can be tenants in common.
-Ownership can be divided into any number of equal or unequal shares.
-Co-owners have separate legal titles, but have equal rights of possession.
-Co-owners can sell or dispose their interests separately.
-Courts favor tenancy in common in doubtful cases (except between husband & wife).
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Victor Santos Sy, CPA, MBA, provides professional services in accounting and tax controversy including IRS audit defense and offers in compromise. He also advises clients on choices of entity including corporations for small businesses and LLCs for rentals. Vic worked with SyCip, Gorres, Velayo (SGV – Andersen Consulting) and Ernst & Young before establishing Sy Accountancy Corporation at 704 Mira Monte Place, Pasadena, CA 91101. The firm celebrates its 35th anniversary this year. You may email tax questions to Vic at [email protected]. You are welcome to visit our website for more than 300 tax tips at www.victorsycpa.com.